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For call processing unknown = unregistered.<br>
<br>
Remember those SDL links? They sends signals back and forth called
"DMPropagateRegister" and UnRegister. Instead of querying RIS CM
just checks its internal memory for local or remote registrations.
If ccm does not know about registration state (either locally or
remotely) then CFUR.<br>
<br>
<strictly personal comment><br>
Thanks for the props. I'm just one of a large pool of people who
generate the need, concepts, code, product, knowledge, and use
cases. I've been involved with a few book projects but I'm much
more committed to wikis, web publishing, and mailing lists. Trees
are much more beautiful on a trail than stacked on a shelf.
Technical information changes so quickly that it's obsolete before
the ink dries.<br>
</strictly personal comment><br>
<br>
Regards,<br>
Wes<br>
<br>
On 4/6/2011 5:13 PM, Ovidiu Popa wrote:
<blockquote cite="mid:4D9CD78A.3070204@gmail.com" type="cite">
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<p class="MsoNormal">And the gifts keep on coming... the
registered/unknown puzzle unraveled :)<br>
</p>
Now for the final question:<br>
<br>
How does the Call Forward Unregistered handle Unknown states? In
my case if the branch phone never registered to CM1 since the last
CM service restart its state will be unknown. Will an incoming
call to the phone DN follow the CFUR ? <br>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Sorry to pester you with questions and thank
you again.<br>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">PS: If you ever decide to write a book on
CUCM please sign me up on the pre-order list.<br>
PPS : somehow I don't think I am the only one.<br>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Best regards,<br>
Ovidiu<br>
</p>
<br>
<br>
On 06/Apr/11 10:49 PM, Wes Sisk wrote:
<blockquote cite="mid:4D9CD1C9.2010209@cisco.com" type="cite">
<meta content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"
http-equiv="Content-Type">
If phone is local to CM1 and registers to CM1 then CM1 sees the
phone as registered. Because the SDL link is down CM2 will see
the phone as unregistered.<br>
<br>
If phone is local to CM2 and registers to CM2 then CM2 sees the
phone as registered. Because the SDL links is down CM1 will see
the phone as unregistered.<br>
<br>
The appearance of "unregistered" vs "unknown" in the UI is a bit
of a red herring. Registration status is captured in a shared
memory segment by the ccm process. Processes such as AXL and RIS
read that shared memory segment.<br>
<br>
When AXL or web service goes to read that shared memory segment
it reads all nodes in the cluster. With connectivity to CM2
being down AXL or RIS on CM1 will only be able to query CM1
shared memory. If the phone in question has never registered to
CM1 then status will be "unknown". <br>
<br>
Similarly if the ccm process on CM2 restarts then the status
will be "unknown" in the CM2 shared memory segment until the
first time the phone registers with CM2.<br>
<br>
So, "unknown" vs "unregistered" has a very subtle, possibly even
nuance, different meaning. "unknown" means the shared memory
segments currently available to query have not been updated with
a known status for that device since the last ccm process
restart. "unregistered" means the phone last transitioned to
"unregistered" signaling status with one of the nodes that is
currently accessible from the AXL or RIS instance you are
querying<br>
<br>
In ASCII:<br>
<tt>browser->Tomcat->RIS1->shared_memory1->CM1<br>
|->RIS2->shared_memory2->CM2<br>
</tt><tt> |->RIS3->shared_memory3->CM2<br>
</tt><br>
All contingent on IP connectivity from Tomcat to the various RIS
processes across the cluster.<br>
<br>
Regards,<br>
Wes<br>
<br>
On 4/6/2011 4:01 PM, Ovidiu Popa wrote:
<blockquote cite="mid:4D9CC681.5000506@gmail.com" type="cite">
<meta content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"
http-equiv="Content-Type">
<title></title>
Hello Wes<br>
<br>
Excellent information. I always had a difficulty understanding
the insides of the CUCM box. Thank you. <br>
<br>
One question remains:<br>
Imagine a WAN failure for 30 minutes. CM1 and CM2 are working
without the SDL layer. CM2 (branch) sees the branch phone as
Registered, CM1 (hq) sees the phone as unregistered or
unknown?<br>
<br>
Thanks.<br>
Ovidiu<br>
<br>
<br>
On 06/Apr/11 9:22 PM, Wes Sisk wrote:
<blockquote cite="mid:4D9CBD7C.408@cisco.com" type="cite">
<meta content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"
http-equiv="Content-Type">
For example sake:<br>
CM1: headquarters<br>
CM2: branch<br>
<br>
When IP connectivity exists between CM1 and CM2 SDL TCP
sessions are established between the 2 ccm processes.
Through SDL each server tells every other server about
registered devices. There is opportunity for duplicate
registration and some propagation time so there is a window
of convergence involved. Once things are in sync each CM
node tells every other node about all significant local
state changes. Make sense? This usually helps folks
understand why QoS is so critical on SDL links. SDL links
are the vehicle for synchronization for 2 real time
processes. This isn't quite as sensitive as parallel
graphics processing but it's not far off.<br>
<br>
When SDL link goes down each node forgets about all entities
it learned from the remote node. It literally purges them.
Devices have to register to their local node (even the best
network admins miss some especially when it comes to virtual
devices like hunt pilots, route lists, and software media
resources). Again there is opportunity for some duplicate
registration. SDL links detect outage on the order of 10
seconds or less. SCCP devices do keepalives on the order of
30 seconds with allowance for 1-2 missed keepalives.
10seconds vs 60-90seconds creates a window of overlap. If a
duplicate registration is detected then CM resets both
device processes. This extends downtime but there really is
no way of knowing which is the "right" registration. This
is another window of convergence.<br>
<br>
So, after convergence the device appears unregistered on the
remote node. For an interesting dig into this scenario take
a look at<br>
CSCsc62081 CCM SDL Out of Service / In Service causes
Unexpected Unity Failover.<br>
<br>
and similarly related to realtime synchronization of state
machines:<br>
CSCsc62073 Locations Out of Bandwidth causes unexpected
Unity Failover <br>
<br>
It was the same customer who originated both of these. This
customer had truly the worst luck with timing that I have
ever seen.<br>
<br>
Regards,<br>
Wes<br>
<br>
<br>
On 4/6/2011 11:51 AM, Ovidiu Popa wrote:
<blockquote
cite="mid:BANLkTimjKJr7LESdFC2B=Yt9A0mXYqm-pA@mail.gmail.com"
type="cite">Hello everyone
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Here's an unusual scenario that kind of puzzles me.</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Here are the details:</div>
<div>- 2 CUCM with Clustering over WAN (HQ and Branch)</div>
<div>- Centralized PSTN Access at HQ (DID numbers routed
to HQ)</div>
<div>- 1 phone with the Branch CUCM as primary and the HW
CUCM as secondary</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Disaster strikes, the WAN link goes down and we have
a split brain condition.</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>What is the state to the phone on HQ CUCM? Will the
phone be Unregistered or state Unknown?</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>And the most important question is will the HQ CUCM
follow the CFUR if the state is Unknown?</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Thanks for your input.</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Regards,</div>
<div>Ovidiu</div>
<div> <br>
</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div><br>
</div>
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